UWB traces its origins back to the early days of radio. Heinrich Hertz and Guglielmo Marconi significantly impacted radio technology in the late 1800s. Hertz produced the first UWB signals in 1887. However, the technology remained unused for decades. Modern test equipment revived interest in impulse radio development around World War II. Patents for UWB were issued, but the development received little attention.
A notable milestone occurred in 1989 when the U.S. Department of Defense introduced the term “ultra-wideband.” This term encompassed various concepts, including impulse, carrier-free, and time domain. The new millennium marked an important era for UWB technologies. In 2002, the FCC revised its Part 15 rules, allowing UWB devices to operate without a license.
UWB gained further recognition when Apple launched the iPhone 11, equipped with the UWB U1 chip, in 2019. Shortly after, the FiRa® Consortium was established to promote and standardize UWB applications for fine-ranging. As UWB-enabled products and applications grow in the consumer market, it is likely to become as well-known as Bluetooth® and Wi-Fi.